— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導病人服用碳酸鋰，應包含哪些衛教內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about lithium carbonate therapy. Which of the following instructions should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain adequate fluid intake of 2-3 liters per day✓ 正解每日維持2-3公升的充足水分攝取
- BRestrict salt intake to avoid fluid retention限制鹽分攝取以避免水分滯留
- CTake the medication with food to decrease gastric irritation✓ 正解隨餐服用藥物以減少胃腸道刺激
- DReport signs of tremors, confusion, or ataxia✓ 正解報告震顫、意識混亂或步態不穩的跡象
- EMonitor lithium levels regularly as prescribed✓ 正解依規定定期監測鋰濃度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鋰鹽治療指數窄，需定期測量血清濃度。衛教重點在於維持恆定的鹽分與水分攝取，因為鈉與鋰在腎臟排泄有競爭性。限鹽會導致鋰中毒，故選項 B 錯誤。常見副作用為腸胃不適，隨餐服用可改善；出現共濟失調或震顫需警覺鋰中毒。
Evidence-based practice indicates that aspiration is no longer required for most intramuscular injections, making site selection based on guidelines the primary method to minimize nerve and vessel damage. Needle length must be individualized to the patient's body mass, and while cleaning is necessary, proper anatomical placement is more critical for safety.
✦ 台美臨床差異
鋰鹽在台美兩地精神科均屬常規用藥，台灣醫師常特別提醒病友固定鹽分攝取量的重要性。