— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備靜脈輸注氯化鉀（KCl）。下列哪些安全預防措施是強制性的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV. Which safety precautions are mandatory? (Select all that apply.)
- AUse an infusion pump for administration✓ 正解使用輸注幫浦進行給藥
- BDilute the concentration correctly per protocol✓ 正解依照規定正確稀釋濃度
- CAdminister as an IV bolus push作為靜脈推注給藥
- DMonitor site for infiltration due to vein irritation✓ 正解監測因靜脈炎導致的滲出情況
- ECheck serum potassium levels prior to administration✓ 正解給藥前檢查血清鉀離子濃度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
KCl 是高警戒藥物（High-alert medication）。絕對禁止 IV bolus 推注，因為會瞬間導致心跳停止。必須使用輸注幫浦精確控制速度、正確稀釋濃度，並在給藥前確認病人當前血鉀數值，且給藥時需嚴密監測血管是否出現浸潤，因其具強烈血管刺激性。
Potassium chloride is a high-alert medication that must never be administered as an IV bolus due to the risk of fatal cardiac arrest. Safety mandates include using an infusion pump for precise rate control, diluting the solution according to protocol to prevent vein irritation, verifying serum potassium levels before administration, and monitoring the IV site for infiltration.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆將鉀離子輸注列為極高風險，台灣護理作業標準中常要求雙人核對才可開始給藥。