— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列護理師的哪些行為違反了 HIPAA 對病人隱私的保護？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions by a nurse demonstrates a violation of client confidentiality according to HIPAA? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiscussing a client's diagnosis with a colleague in the cafeteria✓ 正解在餐廳與同事討論病人的診斷
- BPosting a photo of a client's wound on a private social media account✓ 正解在私人社群媒體帳號上發布病人傷口的照片
- CProviding the patient's room number to a family member who has permission向獲授權的家屬成員提供病人的房號
- DAccessing the medical record of a neighbor who is not assigned to the nurse✓ 正解存取非指派給該護理師的鄰居病歷
- ELeaving the computer screen unlocked with patient data visible in a public area✓ 正解在公共區域將顯示病人資料的電腦螢幕保持未鎖定狀態
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
違反隱私權行為包含：在公共場合談論病人病情、未經授權在社群媒體分享病人的健康資訊、未經授權瀏覽病人病歷（即使是鄰居），以及在無人看管時讓資訊顯示於電腦螢幕上。選項 C 若家屬已獲授權，則提供房號符合資訊揭露規定，不構成違規。
Violations of client confidentiality under HIPAA include discussing protected health information in public areas like cafeterias, posting client images on social media even in private accounts, accessing records without a professional need to know, and leaving screens unlocked where data is visible. Providing a room number to an authorized family member is permissible and does not constitute a violation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國嚴格落實 HIPAA，違規會有法律責任；台灣個資法雖有規範，但臨床常見病歷夾放置於護理站公開場合，隱私保護意識仍有進步空間。