護理師照護一位出現少尿（oliguria）和高血鉀（hyperkalemia）的急性腎損傷（AKI）病人，下列哪項飲食調整最重要？
A nurse is managing a client with acute kidney injury (AKI) who is experiencing oliguria and hyperkalemia. Which dietary modification is most important?
- AIncrease protein intake增加蛋白質攝取
- BIncrease fluid intake增加水分攝取
- CRestrict potassium intake✓ 正解限制鉀攝取
- DRestrict sodium intake限制鈉攝取
急性腎損傷（AKI）導致腎臟排泄代謝廢物與電解質的功能下降，其中高血鉀（hyperkalemia）是臨床上最危險的電解質異常，因其可導致致命的心律不整（如心室顫動、心搏停止）。因此，限制飲食中的鉀攝取（如香蕉、柑橘類、深綠色蔬菜）是保護病人的首要目標。雖然水分與鈉的攝取也需管理，但高血鉀的即時威脅性最高，需優先處理。
Acute kidney injury (AKI) impairs the kidneys' ability to excrete metabolic wastes and electrolytes. Among these, hyperkalemia is the most clinically dangerous electrolyte disturbance because it can precipitate life-threatening dysrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest. Therefore, restricting dietary potassium intake (e.g., bananas, citrus fruits, dark leafy greens) is the primary goal for protecting the client. Although fluid and sodium intake also require management, the immediate threat posed by hyperkalemia takes precedence.