護理師準備為病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀 (KCl)。下列哪些護理措施是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride (KCl) IV piggyback to a client. Which nursing actions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify that the infusion rate does not exceed 10-20 mEq/hr via peripheral line✓ 正解確認透過周邊靜脈輸注的速率不超過 10-20 mEq/hr
- BAssess the IV site frequently for signs of infiltration✓ 正解經常評估靜脈注射部位是否有滲漏跡象
- CAdminister the medication via IV push to ensure quick absorption透過靜脈推注給藥以確保快速吸收
- DUse an electronic infusion pump for administration✓ 正解使用電子輸注幫浦進行給藥
- EMonitor cardiac rhythm continuously if the dose is high✓ 正解如果劑量較高，則持續監測心律
氯化鉀（KCl）屬於高警戒藥物（High-alert medication）。靜脈輸注時，絕對嚴禁以 IV Push（直接推注）方式給藥，因為高濃度的鉀離子進入心臟會導致心肌去極化異常，引發致命性心律不整甚至心跳停止。給藥時必須使用輸液幫浦（Infusion Pump）確保速率精確，並嚴密監測輸注部位有無滲漏，因為鉀離子具強刺激性，滲漏會導致組織壞死。
To minimize injury risk from falls, the bed should always be kept in the lowest position with wheels locked. Placing the client near the nurse station facilitates monitoring, and limiting fluids can cause dehydration and dizziness, increasing fall risk. Clients should rise slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension, which can lead to fainting.
美國醫院對於高警戒藥物（如 KCl）的給藥規範非常嚴格，通常要求雙人核對（Double-check）或使用智能幫浦（Smart Pumps）預設硬性上限，台灣臨床亦同，但美方護理責任歸屬更為明確。