護理師照護一位剛從術後恢復室返回，接受全髖關節置換術的病人。為減少術後併發症，哪項處置優先？
A nurse is caring for a client who has just returned from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) after a total hip arthroplasty. Which intervention is the priority to reduce the risk of postoperative complications?
- AMaintain the client's hip in abduction using a pillow使用枕頭維持病人髖關節外展
- BAssess the surgical site dressing for drainage評估手術部位敷料是否有引流液
- CApply sequential compression devices to both legs雙腿穿戴順序加壓裝置
- DEncourage the client to cough and deep breathe every 2 hours✓ 正解鼓勵病人每 2 小時進行咳嗽與深呼吸
術後病人優先級遵循 ABC 原則（Airway, Breathing, Circulation）。全髖關節置換術後的病人，因受全身麻醉影響，呼吸中樞抑制及肺通氣不足風險最高，容易引發肺塌陷（Atelectasis）或肺炎。鼓勵咳嗽與深呼吸（Incentive Spirometer 亦同）是術後最優先的呼吸道護理，能促進肺擴張並排除呼吸道分泌物。其他選項（如 SCD、傷口評估、患肢擺位）雖屬重要照護，但優先級皆次於呼吸道穩定。
Following the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) priority framework, encouraging coughing and deep breathing is the most critical intervention to prevent atelectasis and pneumonia, which are common postoperative respiratory complications. While maintaining hip abduction, assessing the surgical site, and applying sequential compression devices are important, they are secondary to ensuring respiratory stability and adequate oxygenation.