— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位第一型糖尿病病人表現出意識混亂、顫抖與盜汗，血糖值為 52 mg/dL。護理師應採取的第一步措施為何？
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is found confused, shaky, and sweating. The nurse notes a blood glucose level of 52 mg/dL. Which action should the nurse take first?
- AAdminister 15 grams of a fast-acting carbohydrate✓ 正解給予 15 公克速效碳水化合物
- BObtain an HbA1c level測量 HbA1c 數值
- CCall the physician immediately立即通知醫師
- DAdminister subcutaneous insulin給予皮下注射胰島素
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血糖（Hypoglycemia）是糖尿病急症，護理師必須依據「低血糖處理流程（Hypoglycemia protocol）」立即採取行動。意識清醒的低血糖病人首選治療為給予 15 克快速吸收的碳水化合物（如 4 盎司果汁或糖水），隨後評估症狀並重新測量血糖，這就是所謂的 15-15 法則。若不處理，低血糖將迅速進展至意識喪失或癲癇。
The priority intervention for a conscious client experiencing hypoglycemia is to administer 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates to rapidly raise blood glucose levels. This follows the '15-15 rule,' where glucose is rechecked after 15 minutes to ensure improvement. Administering insulin or delaying treatment for lab results could worsen the condition and lead to severe complications like seizures or coma.