護理師正在照顧一位第一型糖尿病病人,病人出現出汗、發抖且主訴心悸。其微血管血糖值為 55 mg/dL。護理師應首先採取什麼行動?
A nurse is caring for a client with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus who is sweating, shaky, and reporting palpitations. The client's capillary blood glucose is 55 mg/dL. What should the nurse do first?
- AProvide a complex carbohydrate and protein snack immediately立即提供複合碳水化合物和蛋白質零食
- BGive the client their scheduled dose of rapid-acting insulin給予病人預定劑量的速效胰島素
- CCall the physician to request an order for intravenous dextrose通知醫師請求靜脈注射葡萄糖的醫囑
- DAdminister 15 grams of simple carbohydrates, such as 4 oz of fruit juice✓ 正解給予 15 克的簡單碳水化合物,例如 4 盎司果汁
病人的血糖值為 55 mg/dL 並伴隨症狀,屬於低血糖發作。根據『15-15 原則』,首要行動是給予 15 克快速吸收的單糖(如 4 盎司果汁、葡萄糖錠),以迅速提高血糖。選項 A(複合碳水化合物與蛋白質)是當血糖恢復正常後,用來維持血糖穩定的,不適用於急性期。選項 C 適用於病人意識不清無法吞嚥時。選項 B 則會使血糖進一步崩跌,絕對禁忌。及時識別低血糖並正確處置是糖尿病風險管理的核心,能有效防止低血糖昏迷與腦部損傷。
The client is experiencing symptomatic hypoglycemia with a blood glucose level of 55 mg/dL. According to the '15-15 rule,' the priority intervention for an alert client is to administer 15 grams of fast-acting simple carbohydrates, such as fruit juice, to rapidly raise blood glucose levels.
美國醫護對於低血糖的 15-15 法則(15g 糖,15 分鐘後重新測量)執行非常標準化;台灣臨床則常由護理師直接給予 1-2 支 50% 葡萄糖水(D50W)靜脈推注,即便病人意識清醒。