在身體評估中，下列哪些護理措施最能降低感覺減退病人的受傷風險？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions by the nurse during a client's physical assessment best reduces the risk of injury for a client with decreased sensation? (Select all that apply.)
- AChecking the temperature of the water before the client bathes✓ 正解在個案沐浴前檢查水溫
- BInspecting the client's feet and skin for pressure ulcers✓ 正解檢查個案的雙腳和皮膚是否有壓瘡跡象
- CReminding the client to change positions every 2 hours✓ 正解提醒個案每兩小時更換姿勢
- DEncouraging the client to walk barefoot for proprioception鼓勵個案赤腳行走以促進本體感覺
- EApplying a heating pad to the extremities to improve circulation在四肢應用熱敷墊以改善循環
感覺減退（如糖尿病周邊神經病變或脊髓損傷病人）容易導致病人對外在環境的危險（如高溫、壓力、摩擦）反應遲鈍，增加受傷風險。護理師應主動介入，檢查沐浴水溫（A）可防止燒傷，因為病人無法透過觸覺感受水溫是否過高。觀察足部（B）是預防壓瘡與潰瘍的關鍵，因為病人無法感覺到局部的壓迫感。定時變換姿勢（C）可以重新分配身體承受的壓力，避免組織缺血。選項 D 是錯誤的，赤腳行走對於感覺減退的病人極易因踩到異物而造成傷口，且容易感染。選項 E 是危險的，熱敷墊在感覺減退的部位非常容易造成嚴重的熱燙傷，因此絕對禁止。
Clients with decreased sensation are at high risk for thermal and pressure injuries because they cannot perceive pain or discomfort. Checking water temperature prevents burns, inspecting skin identifies early breakdown, and repositioning relieves pressure on bony prominences. Walking barefoot and using heating pads are contraindicated as they significantly increase the risk of undetected trauma and severe burns.
美國護理教育極度強調針對糖尿病足的『每日足部檢查』衛教，並納入標準出院計畫；台灣臨床護理師常忙於執行治療性工作，對於感覺喪失病人的預防性足部檢查及水溫衛教，往往較容易被忽略或簡化。