一位病人獲開立每天口服 40 mg 呋塞米（Furosemide）。下列哪些護理措施適合此病人？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is planning care for a client who is prescribed furosemide 40 mg PO daily. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for this client? (Select all that apply.)
- AMonitor potassium levels regularly✓ 正解定期監測鉀離子濃度
- BAdvise the client to rise slowly from a sitting position✓ 正解建議病人從坐姿站起時動作放緩
- CEncourage intake of potassium-rich foods✓ 正解鼓勵攝取富含鉀離子的食物
- DAdminister the dose at bedtime to improve sleep quality於就寢時間給藥以改善睡眠品質
- EAssess for signs of dehydration✓ 正解評估脫水跡象
呋塞米（Furosemide）為強效環利尿劑（Loop diuretic），透過抑制亨利氏環（Loop of Henle）對鈉與氯的再吸收來發揮利尿作用。此藥會導致鉀、鎂等電解質隨尿液大量排出，並造成全身性液體容積減少。護理重點在於預防低血鉀引發的心律不整、姿勢性低血壓導致的跌倒，以及過度利尿造成的脫水。此外，給藥時間應安排在日間，以避免夜尿影響睡眠品質，並需定期評估病人的水腫情形及電解質數據。
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes significant loss of potassium, magnesium, and fluid volume. Nurses should monitor electrolyte levels, encourage potassium-rich foods, assess for dehydration, and advise slow position changes to prevent orthostatic hypotension. The medication should be administered during the day to avoid nocturia and sleep disruption.
美國臨床護理中，若病人服用利尿劑，護理師通常會主動評估是否需要配合補鉀藥物（Potassium supplement），且在給藥前會嚴格確認最新的血鉀數值，若過低則需先通知醫師。