護理師教導病人自行注射 NPH 與短效胰島素。病人說出哪些內容顯示理解正確？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of NPH and regular insulin. Which statements by the client indicate a correct understanding? (Select all that apply.)
- AI will draw the clear regular insulin before the cloudy NPH insulin✓ 正解我會先抽取澄清的常規胰島素，再抽取混濁的 NPH 胰島素
- BI will rotate my injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解我會輪替注射部位以預防脂肪萎縮
- CI will shake the NPH vial vigorously before drawing up the dose我會在使用前劇烈搖晃 NPH 藥瓶
- DI will store my extra unopened insulin vials in the refrigerator✓ 正解我會將額外的未開封胰島素藥瓶存放在冰箱中
- EI can reuse my disposable syringes for up to one week我可以重複使用一次性注射器長達一週
胰島素混合時應遵守「先清後濁」原則，避免將 NPH 混入短效瓶中。注射部位旋轉是為了避免皮下脂肪增生或萎縮。未開封的胰島素需冷藏保存。NPH 應輕輕轉動使懸浮液均勻，過度搖晃易產生氣泡。重複使用針頭增加感染風險，且會導致針尖鈍化增加疼痛。
When mixing insulins, follow the principle of drawing up clear (regular) before cloudy (NPH) to avoid contaminating the regular insulin vial with NPH. Rotating injection sites prevents lipohypertrophy or lipoatrophy. Unopened insulin should be stored in the refrigerator. NPH should be gently rolled to evenly suspend the solution; vigorous shaking produces air bubbles. Reusing needles increases the risk of infection and causes needle dulling, leading to greater pain.
美台對於衛教內容一致，但在台灣，基層醫療對於針頭重複使用的觀念較需導正。