— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人正在靜脈輸注萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。哪些現象應警覺可能是「紅人症候群」？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin. Which findings would alert the nurse to potential 'Red Man Syndrome'? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- BFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解臉部與頸部潮紅
- CGeneralized pruritus✓ 正解全身性搔癢
- DRespiratory distress呼吸困難
- EDiffuse erythematous rash on the upper body✓ 正解上半身瀰漫性紅斑
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群是因 Vancomycin 輸注速度過快引發組織胺釋放的類過敏反應。典型表現為顏面、頸部與上軀幹的潮紅、搔癢與瀰漫性皮疹。嚴重者可伴隨低血壓。D 選項呼吸困難屬過敏性休克（Anaphylaxis）而非紅人症候群，故不選。
Red Man Syndrome is a histamine-mediated reaction caused by rapid vancomycin infusion, presenting with flushing, pruritus, diffuse erythema, and potentially hypotension. Respiratory distress suggests anaphylaxis rather than this rate-related reaction, so it is not included in the typical presentation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆強調輸注時間需大於 60 分鐘。台灣對於紅人症候群的處置多包含抗組織胺給藥，美國則常見先暫停並調慢輸注速度。