— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人正在靜脈輸注萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。護理師應監測哪些徵兆以預防紅人症候群？（選所有適合的）
A client is receiving vancomycin IV. Which manifestations should the nurse monitor for signs of Red Man Syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解面部與頸部潮紅
- BHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- CPruritus✓ 正解搔癢
- DTachycardia✓ 正解心跳過速
- EWheezing喘鳴
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群是因為萬古黴素輸注速度過快導致組織胺大量釋放。臨床特徵包含上半身皮膚潮紅、搔癢、低血壓及心跳過快。出現此症狀時，應立即暫停輸注，按醫囑給予抗組織胺，待症狀緩解後再調慢輸注速度。喘鳴（Wheezing）通常與過敏性休克相關，而非紅人症候群特徵。
Red Man Syndrome is caused by rapid infusion of vancomycin leading to histamine release, resulting in flushing, pruritus, hypotension, and compensatory tachycardia. Nurses should monitor for these symptoms and distinguish them from anaphylaxis, which may present with wheezing.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆採調慢流速處理，台灣護理師更嚴格執行給藥前皮試（視醫院規定）。