— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人服用環利尿劑（Loop diuretic）。護理師應監測哪種電解質異常？
A patient is prescribed a loop diuretic. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse monitor for?
- AHyperkalemia高血鉀症
- BHypernatremia高血鈉症
- CHypokalemia✓ 正解低血鉀症
- DHypocalcemia低血鈣症
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
環利尿劑（Loop diuretics，如 Furosemide）作用於亨利氏環（Loop of Henle）上升支，強力抑制鈉、氯的再吸收，進而帶走大量水分。然而，此機制同時會促進遠曲小管對鉀離子的排泄，長期使用若未適當補充，極易導致低鉀血症（Hypokalemia），進而引發心律不整與肌肉無力。
Loop diuretics act on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption, which leads to significant potassium excretion. This mechanism frequently causes hypokalemia, a priority electrolyte imbalance that can result in muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias.