— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些病人需要採取嚴格的飛沫隔離措施？（選所有適合的）
Which clients require strict droplet precautions? (Select all that apply.)
- AInfluenza✓ 正解流行性感冒
- BPertussis✓ 正解百日咳
- CVaricella水痘
- DMeningococcal pneumonia✓ 正解腦膜炎雙球菌肺炎
- EMeasles麻疹
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
飛沫傳播（Droplet precautions）通常涉及大於 5 微米的粒子，透過咳嗽、打噴嚏傳播，因此距離通常需在 3 英尺內。流感、百日咳與腦膜炎雙球菌肺炎皆屬於此類傳播途徑。水痘與麻疹則涉及更小、可長時間懸浮於空氣中的微粒，屬於空氣傳播（Airborne），需要更高等級的負壓病室與 N95 口罩。
Droplet precautions are required for infections transmitted by large respiratory droplets (>5 microns) that travel short distances, such as influenza, pertussis, and meningococcal pneumonia. In contrast, varicella and measles require airborne precautions because their pathogens remain suspended in the air over longer periods and distances.