— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
病患被診斷為低血鉀，護理師準備靜脈輸注氯化鉀。下列何項為確保病人安全之關鍵護理措施？
A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. The nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride. Which nursing action is essential for patient safety?
- ADilute the potassium in at least 500 mL of fluid將鉀稀釋於至少 500 mL 液中
- BFlush the IV line with 10 mL of heparin以 10 mL 肝素沖洗靜脈管路
- CEnsure the infusion rate does not exceed 10-20 mEq/hr✓ 正解確保輸注速率不超過 10-20 mEq/hr
- DAdminister the infusion via a central line透過中央導管給予輸注
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子對血管壁刺激性極強，輸注過快會引發心律不整甚至心跳停止。標準安全範圍為每小時不超過 10-20 mEq 且必須稀釋。周邊管路若濃度過高可給予，不必強制使用中央導管。肝素沖管與稀釋體積非絕對安全原則，速率控制才是核心。
Rapid intravenous potassium infusion can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, so the rate must not exceed 10-20 mEq per hour. Potassium must always be diluted and administered via infusion pump to ensure patient safety during replacement therapy.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆嚴格禁止鉀離子靜脈推注，台灣護理師在給藥時通常需進行雙人核對（Double check）。