哪項評估結果對老年人而言是正常的？

隨著年齡增長，身體各系統都會發生生理性退化。在呼吸系統方面，胸廓彈性下降（肋軟骨鈣化）以及肺泡實質彈性纖維減少，導致肺部的順應性（compliance）降低，使得肺活量（vital capacity）下降。這是正常的衰老過程，而非病理性的肺部疾病。護理師在評估老年病人時，必須區分這些「正常老化現象」與「異常病理變化」，以避免過度診斷與治療。

Decreased lung vital capacity is a normal age-related change caused by reduced chest wall compliance and loss of lung elasticity. In contrast, resting heart rate typically remains stable or decreases slightly, medication metabolism slows rather than speeds up, and bone density decreases with age. Nurses must distinguish these physiological changes from pathological conditions.