— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照護一位有心臟衰竭病史，現兩側肺底有囉音和下肢 3+ 凹陷性水腫的病人。護理師懷疑有體液過多。護理師應預期給予哪種藥物？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of heart failure who is experiencing crackles in both lung bases and 3+ pitting edema in the lower extremities. The nurse suspects fluid overload. Which medication would the nurse anticipate administering?
- ABeta-blocker乙型交感神經阻斷劑
- BDiuretic✓ 正解利尿劑
- CACE inhibitor血管收縮素轉換酶抑制劑
- DAngiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)血管收縮素 II 受體阻斷劑 (ARB)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
心臟衰竭（Heart Failure）病人出現肺底囉音與周邊水腫，顯示體液滯留導致肺充血與靜脈壓升高。利尿劑（Diuretic）是治療體液過多（Fluid Overload）的首選藥物，能透過抑制腎小管對鈉與水的再吸收，促進尿液排出，迅速減輕心臟前負荷（Preload）。臨床護理應優先處理導致急性呼吸困難的體液過多，再進行其他長期心臟保護治療。
Crackles and pitting edema indicate fluid overload, which increases cardiac preload and exacerbates heart failure symptoms. Diuretics are the priority intervention as they promote sodium and water excretion, rapidly reducing fluid volume and relieving pulmonary congestion.