— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人進行飲食調整。病人應避免哪些食物？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) about dietary modifications. Which foods should the client avoid? (Select all that apply.)
- ABananas✓ 正解香蕉
- BOranges✓ 正解柳橙
- CWhite rice白米飯
- DCanned soups✓ 正解罐頭湯
- EPotatoes✓ 正解馬鈴薯
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人因腎絲球過濾率下降，無法有效調節電解質與水分。高鉀食物（香蕉、柳橙、馬鈴薯）容易導致高血鉀（Hyperkalemia），引發致命心律不整。而罐頭加工食品含有大量的鈉與磷，易導致體液滯留、高血壓及骨質代謝異常。護理師應衛教病人選擇低鉀、低鈉的飲食，並監測每日水分攝取量，嚴格控制飲食以減輕腎臟負擔。
Clients with chronic kidney disease should avoid high-potassium foods like bananas, oranges, and potatoes to prevent life-threatening hyperkalemia. Additionally, they must limit canned soups and other processed foods because they are high in sodium, which can exacerbate fluid retention and hypertension.