護理師與護生討論倫理原則。下列哪些情境體現了「行善原則」（Beneficence）？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is discussing ethical principles with a nursing student. Which scenarios illustrate the principle of beneficence? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdministering pain medication as ordered to alleviate suffering✓ 正解依醫囑給予止痛藥以減輕痛苦
- BEnsuring a client fully understands the risks of a surgery before signing consent確保病患在簽署同意書前完全了解手術風險
- CEncouraging a client to participate in physical therapy to regain mobility✓ 正解鼓勵病患參與物理治療以恢復活動能力
- DProviding emotional support to a family member during a crisis✓ 正解在危機期間為家屬提供情感支持
- EWithholding information about a terminal diagnosis to prevent the patient from being upset為避免患者情緒困擾而隱瞞末期診斷的資訊
行善原則（Beneficence）意指為了病人的利益採取行動，以促進福祉。A（止痛）、C（鼓勵復健）、D（支持）皆直接增進病人身心益處。B 是自主原則（Autonomy）。E 是家長主義（Paternalism），通常不符合現今倫理規範，剝奪病人知情權。
The principle of beneficence involves acting to promote the client's well-being, such as administering pain medication to alleviate suffering, encouraging physical therapy to regain mobility, and providing emotional support during a crisis. In contrast, ensuring understanding of surgical risks relates to autonomy, while withholding information regarding a terminal diagnosis interferes with autonomy and is generally considered paternalistic rather than beneficial.
台灣醫院中，家屬常介入要求對病人隱瞞病情，護理師需在倫理衝突中折衝。