護理師在謄寫醫囑時，哪項行為能預防給藥錯誤？
Which action by the nurse prevents a medication error when transcribing an order?
- AInterpreting abbreviations based on common usage根據常見用法解釋縮寫
- BVerifying the order if it is unclear or incomplete✓ 正解若醫囑不清楚或不完整時進行核對
- CAccepting verbal orders for all medications接受所有藥物的口頭醫囑
- DRelying on memory to transcribe dosages依賴記憶謄寫劑量
醫囑謄寫（transcription）是預防給藥錯誤的第一道防線。護理師若遇到不清晰、縮寫不明確或劑量異常的醫囑，依據病人安全目標（Patient Safety Goals），必須直接與開立醫囑的醫師確認（clarification）。這不僅是為了保護病人，也是護理師專業判斷的體現。依賴記憶、自行揣測縮寫或過度依賴口頭醫囑（verbal orders）都是導致系統性錯誤的高風險行為。
To prevent medication errors during transcription, nurses must verify any unclear, incomplete, or ambiguous orders with the prescriber rather than relying on assumptions or memory. Guessing abbreviations, using memory, or accepting unnecessary verbal orders are unsafe practices that increase the risk of administration errors. Clarification ensures the correct intent of the prescription is followed.
在美國，ISMP（Institute for Safe Medication Practices）有嚴格的「禁忌縮寫清單」，護理師對不符合規定的醫囑必須拒絕執行並要求醫師改正，這在美國醫院中屬於標準的專業職責。