— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師評估一位因糖尿病酮酸中毒 (DKA) 入院的病人。哪項發現最關鍵,需要報告給醫療提供者?
A nurse is assessing a client admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which finding is most critical to report to the healthcare provider?
- ABlood glucose 350 mg/dL血糖 350 mg/dL
- BSerum bicarbonate 15 mEq/L血清碳酸氫鹽 15 mEq/L
- CHeart rate 110 bpm心率 110 bpm
- DArterial pH 7.25✓ 正解動脈血 pH 7.25
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
DKA 的主要特徵是高血糖、酮體生成和代謝性酸中毒。動脈血 pH 值 < 7.30 提示酸中毒,pH 7.25 表示中度至重度酸中毒,這會嚴重影響身體器官功能,需要立即處理。雖然其他選項也顯示 DKA,但 pH 值是反映酸中毒嚴重程度和預後的關鍵指標。
In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), an arterial pH of 7.25 indicates significant metabolic acidosis, which is a life-threatening complication requiring immediate medical intervention. While hyperglycemia, low bicarbonate, and tachycardia are expected findings in DKA, the pH level is the most critical indicator of the severity of acidosis and its impact on organ function.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國急診和重症照護團隊對 DKA 的處理流程標準化;台灣醫院也遵循相似的處置指引,但護理師在解讀血氣分析報告和執行急救措施的經驗一致性有差異。