— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位氣喘病人,下列哪些藥物適用於急性支氣管痙攣的緩解?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is caring for a client with asthma. Which of the following medications should be administered for acute bronchospasm? (Select all that apply.)
- AAlbuterol✓ 正解Albuterol(沙丁胺醇)
- BSalmeterolSalmeterol(沙美特羅)
- CIpratropium bromide✓ 正解Ipratropium bromide(異丙托溴銨)
- DFluticasoneFluticasone(氟替卡松)
- ELevalbuterol✓ 正解Levalbuterol(左旋沙丁胺醇)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
處理急性氣喘發作應優先選用短效型支氣管擴張劑(SABA)。Albuterol 與 Levalbuterol 皆屬於 SABA,能迅速鬆弛平滑肌。Ipratropium 為抗膽鹼藥物,常與 SABA 合併使用以增強擴張效果。Salmeterol 為長效型藥物,Fluticasone 為類固醇,皆不適用於急性緩解。
Acute asthma exacerbations require rapid bronchodilation using short-acting agents. Albuterol and levalbuterol are short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) that quickly relax smooth muscle, while ipratropium bromide provides synergistic bronchodilation when combined with SABAs.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在急診照護指引中,台美對於 SABA 加 Ipratropium 的「雙管齊下」治療模式在急性氣喘處置上高度一致。