— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師為病人靜脈滴注萬古黴素（Vancomycin），病人突然出現臉部、頸部及上半身潮紅。下列何者為優先護理措施？
A nurse is administering a Vancomycin infusion to a patient. The patient suddenly develops flushing of the face, neck, and upper trunk. What is the priority nursing action?
- AAdminister an antihistamine immediately立即給予抗組織胺
- BDiscontinue the infusion and call the provider停止輸注並通知醫師
- CIncrease the IV fluid flow rate增加靜脈輸液流速
- DSlow down the infusion rate✓ 正解減慢輸注速度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
萬古黴素（Vancomycin）滴注時若速度過快，會刺激肥大細胞釋放組織胺（Histamine），導致典型的「紅人症」（Red Man Syndrome），表現為臉部、頸部與上半身皮膚潮紅、搔癢。這並非真正的過敏反應（如過敏性休克），因此處理方式是減慢輸注速度，讓組織胺釋放速度減緩，症狀通常會隨之緩解。
The symptoms describe Red Man Syndrome, caused by rapid histamine release from fast vancomycin infusion rather than a true allergy. The priority action is to slow the infusion rate, which allows histamine levels to decrease and alleviates the flushing and discomfort.