— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位 70 歲病人正經歷譫妄。下列哪項護理策略最有幫助?
A 70-year-old patient is experiencing delirium. Which nursing strategy is most helpful?
- AChanging the patient's room assignment daily to keep them engaged每天更換病人的病房以維持其參與感
- BFrequent reorientation and a quiet, consistent environment✓ 正解頻繁進行定向引導,並提供安靜、一致的環境
- CAdministering a PRN benzodiazepine to sedate the patient給予備用苯二氮平類藥物以鎮靜病人
- DLeaving the patient alone to minimize sensory overload讓病人獨處以減少感官過度刺激
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
譫妄(Delirium)是一種急性、可逆的意識與認知功能障礙。護理策略的核心是「環境重塑」與「定向感維護」。對於譫妄病人,過度刺激或完全孤立都會惡化混亂程度,應提供安靜、光線充足且具備時間指示的環境,並透過重複的定向感引導(Reorientation)幫助病人建立現實感,優先減少造成混亂的醫源性因子。
Delirium is an acute, reversible disturbance in consciousness and cognition that requires environmental restructuring and maintenance of orientation. Providing a quiet, consistent, and well-lit environment helps reduce confusion, while frequent reorientation assists the patient in establishing a sense of reality and minimizing iatrogenic factors.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國臨床環境中非常強調『非藥物介入優先』。對於譫妄,美國護理師會嚴格評估藥物清單(Beer's Criteria),並極力避免使用抗精神病藥或鎮靜劑,轉而採取家屬陪伴(Sitter)與環境調整。