一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的病人出現呼吸急促、心搏過速和即將死亡的預感。護理師應優先採取哪項措施？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid breathing, tachycardia, and a sense of impending doom. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
- AInstruct the client to deep breathe into a paper bag指示病人用紙袋深呼吸
- BAdminister an PRN anxiolytic medication給予處方用抗焦慮藥物
- CEncourage the client to discuss the source of the anxiety鼓勵病人討論焦慮的來源
- DStay with the client and use a calm, firm voice✓ 正解陪伴病人並使用平靜、堅定的語氣
面對急性焦慮發作（驚恐發作），建立安全感與穩定環境最重要。護理師留守能減緩病人的失控感，透過引導式呼吸及冷靜的語調協助穩定生理指標。B 選項需醫師醫囑且非首要，C 選項在病人極度焦慮時無法進行深層溝通，A 選項現已不建議使用因可能導致嚴重缺氧。
During an acute anxiety attack (panic attack), establishing a sense of safety and a stable environment is paramount. The nurse staying with the client diminishes the client's feeling of losing control, and guided breathing combined with a calm tone helps stabilize physiologic parameters. Option B requires a physician's order and is not the priority; option C is not feasible because deep verbal exploration is impossible while the client is extremely anxious; option A is no longer recommended because breathing into a paper bag may cause severe hypoxia.
美國護理師常依據病房護理常規給予初步諮詢；台灣醫療環境較忙碌，護理師初期常優先評估有無生理誘發因素。