護理師應針對親密關係暴力（IPV）的受害者監測哪些症狀與表現？（選所有適合的）
Which signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor for in a client who is a victim of intimate partner violence? (Select all that apply.)
- AUnexplained injuries inconsistent with the history✓ 正解無法解釋且與病史不符的損傷
- BIncreased social isolation and withdrawal✓ 正解社交孤立和退縮增加
- CFrequent, vague physical complaints such as headaches or stomachaches✓ 正解頻繁且模糊的軀體主訴，如頭痛或胃痛
- DThe partner insisting on answering all questions for the client✓ 正解伴侶堅持代病人回答所有問題
- EThe client showing extreme self-confidence and independence病人表現出極度的自信和獨立
親密關係暴力（Intimate Partner Violence, IPV）的護理重點在於識別潛在的危險訊號。IPV 受害者常因恐懼、羞恥或被控制而難以主動求助，因此護理師需透過細緻的評估來識別臨床線索。核心思路是『安全優先』與『建立信任』。當病人的陳述與身體損傷不符、出現不明原因的重複性身體不適，或伴侶表現出過度控制行為時，護理師應提高警覺，並在私下環境中提供資源，協助其尋求安全計畫。
The nursing focus for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is to identify potential warning signs. IPV victims often have difficulty seeking help due to fear, shame, or coercive control, so the nurse must identify clinical clues through careful assessment. The core principles are 'safety first' and 'building trust.' When the client's history is inconsistent with physical injuries, when there are recurrent unexplained somatic complaints, or when the partner exhibits excessive controlling behavior, the nurse should heighten vigilance, provide resources in a private setting, and assist in developing a safety plan.
在美國臨床實務中，護理師必須對所有成年病人常規進行 IPV 篩檢（Universal Screening），並嚴格遵守強制通報（Mandatory Reporting）法規。若懷疑有虐待，必須在無伴侶在場時單獨評估，並提供相關支持資源（如全國家庭暴力熱線）。