— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師為睡眠障礙病人制定照護計畫。下列哪些護理措施應包含在內？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client with sleep disturbances. Which interventions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AEstablish a consistent bedtime routine✓ 正解建立固定的就寢常規
- BEncourage a cup of hot coffee before bed鼓勵睡前喝一杯熱咖啡
- CKeep the room dark and quiet✓ 正解保持房間黑暗且安靜
- DLimit fluid intake in the evening✓ 正解限制夜間的水分攝取
- EEngage in vigorous exercise immediately before sleep在睡前立即進行劇烈運動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
睡眠障礙的照護核心在於建立「睡眠衛生（Sleep Hygiene）」，透過行為調整與環境控制來優化生理時鐘。規律的作息能穩定睡眠週期，減少夜間干擾；限制夜間水分攝取可降低因頻尿中斷睡眠的機會；維持環境黑暗安靜則有助於褪黑激素的分泌。反之，咖啡因與劇烈運動會導致中樞神經興奮，不利於入睡。在 NCLEX 考試中，這類題目應優先考慮非藥物介入及環境安全，而非直接建議藥物處理。
Effective sleep hygiene includes establishing a consistent bedtime routine, keeping the environment dark and quiet, and limiting fluid intake in the evening to reduce nocturia and promote rest.