— 安全與感染控制 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師評估病人的跌倒風險，對老年人而言，下列何者是顯著的危險因子？
A nurse is assessing a client for fall risks. Which factor is considered a significant risk for the elderly?
- AAdequate room lighting充足的房間照明
- BParticipation in a physical activity program參與體育活動計畫
- CUse of antihypertensive medications✓ 正解使用抗高血壓藥物
- DWearing non-slip socks穿著防滑襪
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
老年人跌倒風險評估的核心在於藥物副作用、平衡功能下降及環境因素。降血壓藥物常導致姿勢性低血壓（Orthostatic hypotension），當病人從臥位或坐位快速起身時，血壓未能及時回升，造成腦部灌流不足而產生頭暈、意識模糊，大幅增加跌倒機率。護理師應針對服用此類藥物的長者，衛教其「分段起身」技巧，並進行藥物副作用監測。
Antihypertensive medications are a significant risk factor for falls in the elderly because they can cause orthostatic hypotension. This condition leads to dizziness and confusion when changing positions, increasing the likelihood of falling. Nursing interventions should include educating clients to rise slowly and monitoring for medication side effects. In contrast, adequate lighting, exercise, and non-slip socks are protective measures that reduce fall risk.