— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
護理師照護一位新診斷糖尿病的病人。下列哪些發現符合高血糖的臨床表現？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which findings are consistent with the diagnosis of hyperglycemia? (Select all that apply.)
- APolyuria✓ 正解多尿
- BPolydipsia✓ 正解多飲
- CPolyphagia✓ 正解多食
- DWeight gain體重增加
- EBlurred vision✓ 正解視力模糊
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
糖尿病高血糖（Hyperglycemia）的臨床表現源於滲透性利尿與細胞能量代謝異常。由於血糖過高導致尿液滲透壓上升，水分隨之排出造成多尿（Polyuria）；脫水刺激口渴中樞造成多渴（Polydipsia）；細胞無法利用葡萄糖而產生飢餓感導致多食（Polyphagia）；此外，水晶體滲透壓改變會導致視力模糊（Blurred vision）。
Hyperglycemia manifests through osmotic diuresis caused by excess glucose in the urine, leading to polyuria and subsequent cellular dehydration that triggers polydipsia. Additionally, the inability of cells to utilize glucose results in polyphagia, while high glucose levels alter lens osmotic pressure, causing blurred vision. Weight loss, rather than gain, is typical due to fat and muscle catabolism.