— 生理適應 · HARD · SATA —
一位病人被診斷為高血鉀症。護理師應監測心電圖出現哪些變化？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which electrocardiogram changes should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)
- ATall, peaked T waves✓ 正解高大尖銳的T波
- BProlonged PR interval✓ 正解PR間期延長
- CShortened QT intervalQT間期縮短
- DWidened QRS complex✓ 正解QRS波群增寬
- EST segment depressionST段壓低
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血鉀對心肌電生理的影響是循序漸進的。早期出現「高聳 T 波」（Tall, peaked T waves），反映了再極化過程的改變。隨著血鉀濃度升高，傳導減慢，出現 PR 間期延長、QRS 波群變寬，最終可能導致致命性的心室顫動。QT 間期縮短通常與高血鈣有關，而非高血鉀。監測 ECG 變化是評估高血鉀病人生命危險的最重要手段。
Hyperkalemia causes progressive electrical disturbances in the heart, starting with tall, peaked T waves due to accelerated repolarization. As potassium levels rise, conduction slows, leading to a prolonged PR interval and widened QRS complex. These ECG changes are critical indicators of cardiac instability and potential fatal arrhythmias.