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藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一位病人正在接受新抗生素的連續輸注。護理師注意到病人突然出現皮疹和呼吸困難。首要的護理措施是什麼?

A client is receiving a continuous infusion of a new antibiotic. The nurse notes a sudden onset of rash and difficulty breathing. What is the priority nursing action?

  • ANotify the physician
    通知醫師
  • BStop the infusion✓ 正解
    停止輸注
  • CAdminister epinephrine
    給予腎上腺素
  • DAdminister an antihistamine
    給予抗組織胺
Explanation · 中文詳解

當病人接受抗生素輸注時出現皮疹與呼吸困難,這代表發生了嚴重的過敏反應(Anaphylactic reaction)。過敏性休克的關鍵在於「移除過敏原」。因此,首要的護理動作是立即停止抗生素輸注(Stop the infusion),以終止藥物繼續進入體內。隨後才進行評估生命徵象、通知醫師以及給予腎上腺素(Epinephrine)等搶救措施。此時「停止輸注」是護理師能立即執行的最關鍵安全行動。

The priority nursing action is to stop the infusion immediately to remove the causative agent of the suspected anaphylactic reaction. While notifying the physician and administering medications like epinephrine are essential subsequent steps, halting the exposure to the allergen is the first critical intervention to ensure patient safety.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國護理師在處理過敏反應時,會立即執行「SBAR」溝通並啟動「Rapid Response Team」(快速反應小組)若病人生命徵象不穩定,這與台灣臨床中護理師較多依賴醫師指示不同,美國護理師有較大權限執行緊急處置。

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