— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人獲開立抗凝血劑 Warfarin，護理師衛教應包含下列哪些項目？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed Warfarin. Which of the following education points should the nurse include in the discharge teaching? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent intake of foods high in Vitamin K✓ 正解維持攝取富含維生素 K 的食物量一致
- BUse a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent bleeding✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷以預防出血
- CReport any unexplained bruising or nosebleeds✓ 正解報告任何不明原因的瘀青或鼻出血
- DTake an extra dose if a dose is missed若遺漏劑量，請額外服用一劑
- EInform your dentist before any dental procedure✓ 正解在任何牙科治療前告知牙醫
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Warfarin 是口服抗凝血劑，衛教的重點在於穩定 INR 以預防出血或栓塞。飲食中維生素 K 攝取必須穩定，因為它會拮抗 Warfarin 的作用，攝取量劇烈波動會導致 INR 不穩定。出血預防措施包括軟毛牙刷、避免受傷。若有不明原因出血或瘀青必須回報。任何牙科程序前皆需告知醫師，因為抗凝血狀況可能導致出血不止。
Patients should maintain consistent vitamin K intake to stabilize INR levels, use soft-bristled toothbrushes to reduce bleeding risk, and report unexplained bruising or nosebleeds. Additionally, informing dentists before procedures is crucial to manage bleeding risks associated with anticoagulation therapy.