護理師正在為一位有 DNR（不施行心肺復甦術）醫囑的病人規劃照護。家屬要求若病人呼吸停止要立即進行 CPR。護理師應採取什麼行動？
A nurse is planning care for a client who has a DNR order. The client's family wants the nurse to start CPR if the client stops breathing. Which action should the nurse take?
- ACall the physician to cancel the DNR order聯絡醫師取消 DNR 醫囑
- BPerform CPR to avoid conflict with the family執行 CPR 以避免與家屬發生衝突
- CRefuse to provide any care to the client拒絕提供任何照護
- DExplain the DNR order and respect the client's wishes✓ 正解解釋 DNR 醫囑並尊重病人意願
護理專業的核心倫理在於維護病人的自主權（Autonomy）。DNR 醫囑代表病人自身的決策。當家屬意願與病人先前決定的法律醫囑衝突時，護理師需擔任病人權益的倡導者，向家屬解釋醫囑的意義與法律效力，同時給予家屬情感支持，但不應違背病人意願執行 CPR。
The nurse must advocate for the client's autonomy by respecting the legally documented Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order. When family wishes conflict with the client's advance directives, the nurse should educate the family on the legal and ethical implications of the DNR. Performing CPR against the client's documented wishes violates their rights and constitutes battery, regardless of family pressure.
美國有完善的 AD/POLST 法律保障；台灣雖然有病人自主權利法，但臨終決策在臨床上仍常面臨家屬壓力影響執行面。