下列哪些措施適用於薦骨有第一期壓瘡的病人？（選所有適合的）
Which interventions are appropriate for a client with a Stage 1 pressure injury on the sacrum? (Select all that apply.)
- ARepositioning the client every 2 hours✓ 正解每 2 小時重新定位患者
- BMassaging the reddened area to improve circulation按摩發紅區域以改善循環
- CApplying a moisture barrier cream✓ 正解塗抹濕氣屏障乳霜
- DUsing a pressure-reducing foam mattress✓ 正解使用減壓泡棉床墊
- EKeeping the skin clean and dry✓ 正解保持皮膚清潔乾燥
第一期壓瘡的特徵是受壓部位出現紅斑，且按壓後不褪色（Non-blanchable erythema），皮膚結構尚完整。處置原則為「減壓」、「減少摩擦力」與「維持皮膚屏障」。選項 A、C、D、E 均為標準護理措施。嚴禁按摩（選項 B），因為按摩會導致脆弱的微血管破裂，造成組織缺血加劇，甚至將表淺損傷轉變為深層組織損傷（Deep Tissue Injury）。臨床應定期評估壓瘡進展，並確保病人營養充足。
For a Stage 1 pressure injury, interventions should focus on pressure relief, moisture management, and skin protection. Appropriate actions include repositioning the client every 2 hours to prevent ischemia, using a pressure-reducing foam mattress, keeping the skin clean and dry to avoid maceration, and applying a moisture barrier cream. Massaging the reddened area is contraindicated because it can damage fragile capillaries and worsen tissue injury.