一位患有強迫症（OCD）的病人花數小時洗手。當護理師限制其洗手時間時，病人變得非常焦慮。下列哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
A client with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) spends hours washing hands. When the nurse limits the time for handwashing, the client becomes extremely anxious. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for this client? (Select all that apply.)
- AAvoid arguing about the irrationality of the ritual.✓ 正解避免辯論該儀式的不合理性
- BGradually decrease the amount of time allowed for the ritual.✓ 正解逐漸減少允許進行儀式的時間
- CProvide positive reinforcement for successful completion of non-ritual activities.✓ 正解對成功完成非儀式活動給予正向增強
- DImmediately stop the ritual completely to accelerate recovery.立即完全停止儀式以加速康復
- EAllow the client to complete the ritual to prevent extreme anxiety.允許病人完成儀式以防止極度焦慮
限制 OCD 病人的強迫行為需循序漸進。直接停止（D）或完全放任（E）皆無效，會導致嚴重焦慮或病情停滯。應採取行為塑造法：建立替代活動、給予正向增強，並逐步限制時間以幫助病人適應。不與病人爭論其行為的合理性，是因為該行為對病人具有緩解焦慮的功能。
Nursing care for OCD should avoid arguing about rituals, as these behaviors serve to reduce anxiety, and sudden cessation can trigger severe panic. Instead, interventions should focus on gradually limiting the time spent on rituals while providing positive reinforcement for engaging in alternative, adaptive activities to help the client build tolerance for anxiety.
台灣醫療體系中對於 OCD 的行為治療有時較依賴藥物，美國則較為強調認知行為治療（CBT）與護理師主導的行為計畫。