— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
病人正在進行萬古黴素（Vancomycin）靜脈輸注，突發低血壓、臉部與頸部潮紅及搔癢。護理師的優先處置為何？
A nurse is caring for a client receiving an IV infusion of vancomycin. The client develops sudden hypotension, flushing, and pruritus of the face and neck. What is the nurse's priority action?
- AIncrease the IV fluid rate增加靜脈輸液速率
- BAdminister an antihistamine給予抗組織胺
- CNotify the physician通知醫師
- DSlow the rate of infusion✓ 正解減慢輸注速率
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
萬古黴素（Vancomycin）輸注過快常引起紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome），表現為臉部、頸部潮紅、搔癢及低血壓，這是因組織胺大量釋放所致。處理的核心機轉是減緩輸注速度。這並非真正的過敏反應，因此不需要立即停止輸注或給予過多的藥物介入。調整輸注速率通常能讓症狀迅速緩解，隨後再恢復適當的速度輸注即可。
The client is experiencing Red Man Syndrome, a histamine-mediated reaction caused by rapid vancomycin infusion, characterized by flushing, pruritus, and hypotension. The priority nursing action is to slow the infusion rate to reduce further histamine release and alleviate symptoms.