— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
對於高血鉀且有心電圖變化(T 波尖峰)的病人,護理師應預期給予哪種藥物?
Which medication should the nurse anticipate administering for a client with hyperkalemia and EKG changes (peaked T waves)?
- ACalcium Gluconate IV✓ 正解靜脈注射葡萄糖酸鈣
- BPotassium Chloride IV靜脈注射氯化鉀
- CAtropine Sulfate IV靜脈注射硫酸阿托品
- DSpironolactone orally口服螺內酯
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血鉀是一種危險的電解質異常,當血清鉀離子濃度過高時,會對心臟的電生理活動產生嚴重影響。心電圖(EKG)變化是高血鉀對心臟毒性的重要指標,例如 T 波尖峰(peaked T waves)是高血鉀的早期特徵。當出現這些 EKG 變化時,表示高血鉀已對心臟造成影響,存在發展為致命性心律不整(如心室顫動或心搏停止)的風險,因此需要立即進行緊急處理以穩定心臟膜電位,保護心臟功能。
Calcium gluconate is the priority intervention for hyperkalemia with EKG changes because it stabilizes the cardiac membrane potential and antagonizes the cardiotoxic effects of elevated potassium levels. This protective measure is essential to prevent life-threatening arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation.