— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
病人被診斷為低血鉀,護理師在評估時應優先關注哪項臨床表徵?
A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which finding should the nurse prioritize during assessment?
- AMuscle cramping in the legs腿部肌肉痙攣
- BIrregular heart rhythm✓ 正解心律不整
- CHyperactive bowel sounds腸蠕動音亢進
- DIncreased urinary output尿量增加
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子(Potassium)是維持心肌細胞靜止膜電位(Resting membrane potential)的最關鍵電解質。低血鉀(Hypokalemia, K+ < 3.5 mEq/L)會導致心肌細胞過度極化,延緩再極化過程,進而引發致命性心律不整(如心室頻脈或心室顫動)。在 NCLEX 的 ABCs 與優先順序架構下,心臟節律(B)的穩定性直接關係到循環(Circulation),其優先權遠高於消化系統的蠕動(C)或肌肉抽搐(A)。護理師應密切監測心電圖(EKG)中是否有 U 波出現或 T 波扁平。
Irregular heart rhythm is the highest priority finding because hypokalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias. While muscle cramps and fatigue are common symptoms, cardiac stability takes precedence in the ABCs framework, requiring immediate EKG monitoring for changes like U waves or flattened T waves.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美對於低血鉀的處理指引一致。需注意美國 NCLEX 非常強調「不可靜脈推注(IV Push)鉀離子」,這在台灣也是禁忌,但在考試中是極高頻的考點。