— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位第一型糖尿病病人血糖值 450 mg/dL，護理師的首要介入為何？
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with a blood glucose level of 450 mg/dL. Which nursing intervention is the priority?
- AEncourage physical exercise鼓勵身體活動
- BPrepare for hemodialysis準備血液透析
- CAdminister oral glucose給予口服葡萄糖
- DAdminister intravenous fluids✓ 正解給予靜脈輸液
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
第一型糖尿病病人若血糖高達 450 mg/dL，極可能發展為糖尿病酮酸中毒（DKA）。DKA 的急性病理生理特徵為高血糖、脫水與電解質失衡。首要的護理介入是透過靜脈輸液（IV fluids）來擴張血管內體積，改善組織灌流，並協助腎臟排除過多糖分。在恢復體液平衡後，才進行胰島素輸注治療。此時給予口服糖分會惡化高血糖，運動則會導致代謝混亂。
In a client with type 1 diabetes presenting with severe hyperglycemia, priority is given to restoring intravascular volume and tissue perfusion through intravenous fluid administration. This intervention helps dilute serum glucose and supports renal excretion of excess sugar before initiating insulin therapy to resolve potential diabetic ketoacidosis.