— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備靜脈給予氯化鉀（KCl），哪些安全預防措施是必須的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV. Which safety precautions are essential? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL for peripheral infusion✓ 正解確認周邊輸注之濃度不超過 10 mEq/100 mL
- BUse an electronic infusion pump for all potassium infusions✓ 正解所有鉀離子輸注均須使用電子輸注幫浦
- CAdminister the medication via IV push to ensure quick absorption經靜脈推注以確保快速吸收
- DMonitor the infusion site frequently for phlebitis or infiltration✓ 正解頻繁監測輸注部位是否有靜脈炎或滲漏
- EEnsure the client has adequate urine output before starting the infusion✓ 正解開始輸注前確保病人有足夠的尿量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子具有心臟毒性與嚴重血管刺激性。禁止直接 IV push（會導致心跳停止）。必須使用輸液幫浦控制速度以防過快。周邊給藥需限制濃度以防硬化。給鉀前需確認腎功能正常（尿量 >30 ml/hr），避免高血鉀累積。
Potassium chloride is highly irritating to veins and potentially lethal if administered too rapidly, so it must never be given via IV push. Nurses should use an infusion pump to control the rate and verify that peripheral concentrations do not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL to prevent phlebitis. Additionally, adequate urine output must be confirmed prior to administration to ensure the kidneys can effectively excrete the potassium.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美臨床皆嚴格禁止 KCl IV Push；但在台灣對於 PICC 或中央靜脈管路的使用規範更為明確。