— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備給予一位 MRSA 病人萬古黴素 1g (於 250mL 生理食鹽水)。為預防「紅人症候群」，最重要的護理措施為何？
A nurse is preparing to administer vancomycin 1g in 250mL of NS to a patient with MRSA. What is the most important nursing action to prevent 'Red Man Syndrome'?
- AAdminister the dose over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解至少於 60 分鐘內給藥
- BVerify the patient's renal function tests確認病人的腎功能檢驗結果
- CFlush the IV line with heparin before infusion輸注前以肝素沖洗靜脈管路
- DObtain a trough level before starting the infusion開始輸注前取得谷濃度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）是由於萬古黴素輸注速度過快，導致組織胺釋放引發的類過敏反應。標準給藥指引要求 1g 藥物應在至少 60 分鐘內給完。若輸注過快會造成上半身潮紅、低血壓與搔癢，減慢輸注速度是預防此現象最有效的途徑。
Red Man Syndrome is a histamine-mediated reaction caused by rapid infusion of vancomycin, resulting in flushing, hypotension, and pruritus. To prevent this adverse effect, the medication should be administered slowly over at least 60 minutes, as rapid infusion directly triggers the release of histamine and subsequent systemic vasodilation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院多由藥局預設輸注泵浦參數，台灣護理師需手動計算並設定輸注速率，對於速率把控要求極高。