— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
一位病人疑似患有腦膜炎。護理師應準備執行哪些治療？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with suspected meningitis. Which medications should the nurse prepare to administer upon admission? (Select all that apply.)
- AIntravenous antibiotics✓ 正解靜脈注射抗生素
- BDexamethasone✓ 正解地塞米松
- CAntipyretics✓ 正解解熱劑
- DIntravenous fluids✓ 正解靜脈輸液
- EAnticonvulsants✓ 正解抗癲癇藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
細菌性腦膜炎為醫療緊急狀況，需立即給予廣效性靜脈抗生素。皮質類固醇如 Dexamethasone 可減輕腦部發炎與神經併發症。此外，病人常伴有發燒、脫水及腦部刺激導致的癲癇發作風險，故退燒藥、輸液及抗癲癇藥物均為標準治療的一部分。
Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency requiring immediate administration of broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics. Corticosteroids such as dexamethasone reduce cerebral inflammation and neurologic complications. In addition, clients often present with fever, dehydration, and seizure risk from cerebral irritation, so antipyretics, IV fluids, and anticonvulsants are also standard components of treatment.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對腦膜炎緊急處置流程一致，均強調抗生素給藥時效性（Door-to-Antibiotic Time）。