— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
哪些評估結果顯示病人對萬古黴素（Vancomycin）輸注產生不良反應？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings indicate that a client is experiencing an adverse reaction to vancomycin infusion? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- BFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解臉部和頸部潮紅
- CMuscle itching or rash on the upper body✓ 正解肌肉搔癢或上半身皮疹
- DIncreased urine output尿量增加
- EWheezing and dyspnea✓ 正解哮鳴與呼吸困難
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
萬古黴素輸注常見『紅人症候群』（Red Man Syndrome），表現為臉部與頸部潮紅、上半身搔癢。若輸注過快，會導致組織胺釋放引發低血壓與呼吸困難，嚴重時需停止輸注並給予抗組織胺。尿量增加並非典型副作用。
Vancomycin infusion commonly causes Red Man Syndrome, characterized by flushing of the face and neck and itching of the upper body. If the infusion is too rapid, histamine release can trigger hypotension and dyspnea; severe cases require stopping the infusion and giving an antihistamine. Increased urine output is not a typical adverse effect.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常需計算輸注速率以避免紅人症候群，台灣臨床較多由藥師調整藥物濃度。