— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
一位接受肝素連續靜脈輸注的病人,其部份凝血活酶時間 (PTT) 為 120 秒。護理師應優先採取哪項措施?
A client is receiving a continuous intravenous infusion of heparin. The nurse notes a partial thromboplastin time (PTT) of 120 seconds. Which action should the nurse take first?
- ADecrease the infusion rate by 50%將輸注速率降低 50%
- BContinue the infusion at the current rate以目前速率繼續輸注
- CStop the heparin infusion✓ 正解停止肝素輸注
- DAdminister protamine sulfate給予硫酸魚精蛋白
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
正常的 PTT 參考值約為 25-35 秒,治療目標通常為控制值的 1.5-2.5 倍(約 60-80 秒)。此數值高達 120 秒表示抗凝血作用過強,出血風險極高。首要護理動作為立即中斷靜脈輸注以防止進一步出血,隨後通知醫師評估是否需要拮抗劑或調整輸注速率。
A PTT of 120 seconds indicates excessive anticoagulation and a high risk of hemorrhage, far exceeding the therapeutic range. The nurse must immediately stop the heparin infusion to prevent further bleeding before notifying the provider or administering protamine sulfate.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美兩地皆以 protocol 為準,但美國護理師依據 protocol 停藥的自主權通常較高,台灣常需先口頭確認醫師意願。