對於急性酒精戒斷症狀的病人，護理師應準備給予哪種藥物？
Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer to a client experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal?
- ANaltrexone納曲酮
- BDisulfiram雙硫侖
- CHaloperidol哈洛哌啶
- DLorazepam✓ 正解勞拉西泮
治療急性酒精戒斷的首選藥物是苯二氮平類（Benzodiazepines），如 Lorazepam 或 Diazepam。這些藥物可透過 GABA 受體作用預防震顫瞻妄（Delirium Tremens）及癲癇發作。Haloperidol 是抗精神病藥，非戒斷首選；Naltrexone 用於維持治療減少渴求；Disulfiram 為厭惡療法，急性戒斷期不可使用。
Benzodiazepines such as lorazepam or diazepam are the first-line agents for treating acute alcohol withdrawal. They act on GABA receptors to prevent delirium tremens and seizures. Haloperidol is an antipsychotic and is not the first choice for withdrawal; naltrexone is used for maintenance therapy to reduce cravings; disulfiram is used as aversion therapy and must not be administered during acute withdrawal.
美台臨床對於酒精戒斷的藥物指引高度一致，皆採用苯二氮平類作為急性期穩定藥物。