— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
對於有吞嚥困難 (dysphagia) 的病人，哪項介入措施最合適？
Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for a client who has difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)?
- APlace the client in an upright position for meals✓ 正解用餐時讓病人保持直立姿勢
- BEncourage the client to flex their neck while swallowing鼓勵病人在吞嚥時彎曲頸部
- COffer thin liquids to keep the throat moist提供稀薄液體以保持喉嚨濕潤
- DServe small, frequent meals with a straw提供少量多餐並使用吸管
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
吞嚥困難（Dysphagia）病人的護理核心是預防吸入性肺炎（Aspiration pneumonia）。進食時保持直立姿勢（至少 90 度）能利用重力引導食物進入食道，並使呼吸道相對封閉，這是最有效的預防方法。對於這類病人，液體應使用增稠劑（Thickener），並避免使用吸管，因為吸管會導致液體流速過快，難以控制吞嚥時機，增加嗆咳風險。
Placing the client in an upright position facilitates gravity-assisted swallowing and helps protect the airway from aspiration. Flexing the neck may obstruct the airway, thin liquids pose a high aspiration risk, and straws can accelerate liquid flow, making swallowing more difficult.