— 降低風險 · EASY · SATA —
護理師指導一位第二型糖尿病病人，低血糖的徵象包含哪些？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with Type 2 diabetes about signs of hypoglycemia. Which signs should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiaphoresis✓ 正解盜汗
- BTremors✓ 正解顫抖
- CConfusion✓ 正解意識混亂
- DDry, hot skin皮膚乾燥發熱
- ETachycardia✓ 正解心跳過速
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血糖交感神經興奮症狀包括：冒冷汗（diaphoresis）、顫抖（tremors）、心跳加速（tachycardia）。中樞神經缺乏葡萄糖會導致意識混亂（confusion）。乾燥與發熱（dry, hot skin）為高血糖酮酸中毒的徵象，與低血糖相反。
Signs of hypoglycemia include diaphoresis, tremors, confusion, and tachycardia due to sympathetic nervous system activation and neuroglycopenia. Diaphoresis results from catecholamine release causing cool, clammy skin, while tremors and tachycardia are direct effects of this sympathetic response. Confusion occurs because the brain lacks sufficient glucose for normal function. Dry, hot skin is a sign of hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地糖尿病衛教一致，皆強調識別低血糖症狀的重要性，以便病人能即時攝取快速吸收碳水化合物。