— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
糖尿病病人出現哪些評估發現,應讓護理師警覺可能發生糖尿病酮酸中毒(DKA)?(選所有適合的)
Which assessment findings in a client with diabetes mellitus should alert the nurse to the possibility of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? (Select all that apply.)
- AKussmaul respirations✓ 正解庫斯莫爾氏呼吸
- BFruity breath odor✓ 正解呼氣帶水果味
- CSerum glucose 120 mg/dL血清葡萄糖 120 mg/dL
- DExcessive thirst (polydipsia)✓ 正解過度口渴(多飲)
- EPresence of ketones in the urine✓ 正解尿液中存在酮體
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
DKA 的典型徵象包括酸中毒引起的深大呼吸(Kussmaul)、脂肪代謝產生的酮體導致水果味呼吸、高血糖引發的滲透性利尿造成的口渴(polydipsia),以及尿液中出現酮體。血糖 120 mg/dL 通常不符合 DKA 診斷標準,DKA 血糖通常 >250 mg/dL。
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by metabolic acidosis and hyperglycemia, leading to compensatory Kussmaul respirations, fruity breath odor from acetone, excessive thirst due to osmotic diuresis, and ketonuria. A serum glucose level of 120 mg/dL is not consistent with DKA, which typically presents with significantly elevated blood sugar levels above 250 mg/dL.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常參與 DKA 病人胰島素滴注的調整,台灣則多由醫師下調整醫囑,護理師監測為主。