NurslixJournal
降低風險 · HARD · SATA

輸血病人出現哪些徵象應警覺可能發生溶血性輸血反應?(選所有適合的)

Which assessment finding in a client receiving a blood transfusion should alert the nurse to a potential hemolytic transfusion reaction? (Select all that apply.)

  • ALow back pain✓ 正解
    腰背疼痛
  • BChills and fever✓ 正解
    畏寒與發燒
  • CHypotension✓ 正解
    低血壓
  • DWheezing
    喘鳴
  • ETachycardia✓ 正解
    心搏過速
Explanation · 中文詳解

急性溶血性輸血反應(Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction, AHTR)是因 ABO 血型不相容導致的嚴重免疫反應,通常在輸血後短時間內發生。核心病理為紅血球遭破壞釋放血紅素,引發血管內凝血、腎臟灌流不足及發炎介質釋放。護理思路應優先採取 ABC 原則(Airway, Breathing, Circulation),一旦懷疑應立即停止輸血、維持管路通暢並更換輸液,隨後通知醫師。

Signs of a potential hemolytic transfusion reaction include low back pain, chills, fever, hypotension, and tachycardia. These symptoms result from the immune destruction of red blood cells and the subsequent release of vasoactive substances. Wheezing is more indicative of an allergic or anaphylactic reaction rather than a hemolytic one.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國,輸血反應處理流程極為標準化(Protocol-driven)。一旦出現疑似反應,除立即停止輸血外,必須將殘餘血袋及輸血管路送回血庫(Blood Bank)檢驗,並重新抽血送檢(Type and Crossmatch)。台灣臨床亦有類似規範,但美國更強調護理師在第一時間對輸液管路(Tubing)的處置,即更換新點滴管並以生理食鹽水維持靜脈通路。

Related · 同分類的其他題目

More from Reduction of Risk Potential

瀏覽全部 1,953 題 降低風險 →
Jump to another chapter